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//usr/share/doc/git-1.8.3.1/gitcredentials.html

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<h1>
gitcredentials(7) Manual Page
</h1>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>gitcredentials -
   providing usernames and passwords to Git
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>git config credential.https://example.com.username myusername
git config credential.helper "$helper $options"</code></pre>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform
operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password
in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes
the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_requesting_credentials">REQUESTING CREDENTIALS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following
strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
If the <code>GIT_ASKPASS</code> environment variable is set, the program
   specified by the variable is invoked. A suitable prompt is provided
   to the program on the command line, and the user&#8217;s input is read
   from its standard output.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Otherwise, if the <code>core.askpass</code> configuration variable is set, its
   value is used as above.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Otherwise, if the <code>SSH_ASKPASS</code> environment variable is set, its
   value is used as above.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Otherwise, the user is prompted on the terminal.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_avoiding_repetition">AVOIDING REPETITION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>It can be cumbersome to input the same credentials over and over.  Git
provides two methods to reduce this annoyance:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
Static configuration of usernames for a given authentication context.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Credential helpers to cache or store passwords, or to interact with
   a system password wallet or keychain.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The first is simple and appropriate if you do not have secure storage available
for a password. It is generally configured by adding this to your config:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>[credential "https://example.com"]
        username = me</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can
request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure
storage provided by the OS or other programs.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To use a helper, you must first select one to use. Git currently
includes the following helpers:</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
cache
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Cache credentials in memory for a short period of time. See
        <a href="git-credential-cache.html">git-credential-cache(1)</a> for details.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
store
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        Store credentials indefinitely on disk. See
        <a href="git-credential-store.html">git-credential-store(1)</a> for details.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for
<code>credential-*</code> in the output of <code>git help -a</code>, and consult the
documentation of individual helpers.  Once you have selected a helper,
you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the
credential.helper variable.</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
Find a helper.
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git help -a | grep credential-
credential-foo</code></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Read its description.
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git help credential-foo</code></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Tell Git to use it.
</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>$ git config --global credential.helper foo</code></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If there are multiple instances of the <code>credential.helper</code> configuration
variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username,
password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a
password, no more helpers will be tried.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_credential_contexts">CREDENTIAL CONTEXTS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL. This context
is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any
helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For instance, imagine we are accessing <code>https://example.com/foo.git</code>. When Git
looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will
consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the
pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>[credential "https://example.com"]
        username = foo</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>then we will match: both protocols are the same, both hosts are the same, and
the "pattern" URL does not care about the path component at all. However, this
context would not match:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>[credential "https://kernel.org"]
        username = foo</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match <code>foo.example.com</code>; Git
compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of
the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for <code>http://example.com</code> would not
match: Git compares the protocols exactly.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_configuration_options">CONFIGURATION OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Options for a credential context can be configured either in
<code>credential.*</code> (which applies to all credentials), or
<code>credential.&lt;url&gt;.*</code>, where &lt;url&gt; matches the context as described
above.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following options are available in either location:</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
helper
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        The name of an external credential helper, and any associated options.
        If the helper name is not an absolute path, then the string <code>git
        credential-</code> is prepended. The resulting string is executed by the
        shell (so, for example, setting this to <code>foo --option=bar</code> will execute
        <code>git credential-foo --option=bar</code> via the shell. See the manual of
        specific helpers for examples of their use.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
username
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        A default username, if one is not provided in the URL.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
useHttpPath
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
        By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
        to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential
        stored for <code>https://example.com/foo.git</code> will also be used for
        <code>https://example.com/bar.git</code>. If you do want to distinguish these
        cases, set this option to <code>true</code>.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_custom_helpers">CUSTOM HELPERS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in
which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git&#8217;s
<a href="technical/api-credentials.html">credentials API</a> for details.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2013-06-10 20:01:55 UTC
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